In 1979, the referees changed to black hats with white stripes, while the other officials continued to wear white ones. False Start in Football - Definition and Explanation. According to NFL rules, game balls must be inflated between 12.5 and 13.5 psi, but teams can choose to supply their own footballs. Rules Guiding Football Game A single football match is played for 90 minutes, 45 minutes halves each with a 15-minute rest period in between. The center judge (C) is positioned beside the referee in the offensive backfield adjacent to the referee, positioned equivalent to the umpire. How Many Crosslaces Are on an Official NFL Football. Privacy Policy NFL.com, 2022 Rules Changes and Points of Clarification, Summits showcase pipeline for minority coaches, GMs, Their Causes, Their Impact: Player-Led Initiatives a Multiplying Force for Good, Offensive backfield, right side of the formation, 15 yards deep and behind the normal Tight End position, Wears the white cap, known as the crew chief and leader of the officiating crew, Oversees everything related to the officials and maintains the pace of the game, Verbally and visually communicates all fouls, Counts the offensive players on the field, Determines first downs or if a measurement is necessary, Before the snap, watches for false starts by the QB and the Running Backs, Watches the Center, Right Guard, Right Tackle, monitors their actions and those of the defenders engaged with them, Watches the Right Guard, Right Tackle and monitors their actions and those of the defenders engaged with them, Turns attention solely to quarterback as the defense becomes a threat, Primarily responsible for all action around and to the QB/Passer, Rules on Roughing the Passer, Offensive Holding, Pass/Fumble and Intentional Grounding, Kickoff Lines up middle of the field between the hash mark on the receiving teams goal line, Prior to the kickoff counts the receiving team and initiates the kickoff, Punt Primary responsibility is the Punter, Field Goal/Point After Touchdown - Primary responsibility is the Kicker and Holder, On opposite sideline from line judge, looking directly down the LOS, Rules on sideline plays on nearest half of field, Watches for false starts, offside or encroachment at line, Watches blockers and defenders on nearest side of field for any penalties, Monitors sideline on plays run to nearest half of field, Determines when and if runner is out of bounds, Based on the formation they are responsible for specific receivers, If play goes into their vicinity, helps to rule on whether pass is complete or incomplete, Rules if receiver is in or out of bounds when catch is made, Rules on Offensive and Defensive Pass Interference, Defensive Holding and Illegal Contact of eligible receivers, Determines if pass is forwards or backwards on passes towards them, Makes sure passer is behind LOS when he throws ball, Kickoff Positioned on the receivers goal line on the sideline, Prior to the kickoff counts the receiving team, Punts - Observes LOS for offside and encroachment, Field Goal/Point After Touchdown Rules on false starts, offside or encroachment at line, Defensive backfield, 25 yards downfield from the LOS on the same side of the field as the down judge, Serves as the primary timekeeper if the game clock malfunctions, Watches receivers on their side of the field for illegal use of hands and blocking fouls, and for penalties on defensive back covering him, Watches sidelines to determine if runners are in or out of bounds, Signals referee when time expires at end of each quarter, Watches the blocks by receivers on their side of the field, looking for illegal blocks or holding by the receivers, If play goes to nearest side of field, helps determine if runner goes out of bounds, Focuses on the receivers to their side of the field to make sure the player is able to run his route without defensive interference, If play goes to the SJs area, helps to rule on whether a pass is complete or incomplete, Rules if receiver is in or out of bounds at time of catch, Kickoff Lines up on the receivers back restraining line and ensures the receiving team is lined up by rule, Punts Position 7-10 yards behind the receiver on the sideline, Field Goal/Point After Touchdown - Defensive backfield, lines up seven yards off the line of scrimmage over the snapper, watches for snap infractions and illegal blocks, Deep defensive backfield, 30 yards downfield. Back judges cover the area in the middle of the field between themselves and umpires. In addition to the general equipment listed above, the referee also carries a coin to conduct the pregame (and if necessary, overtime) coin toss. In addition to on-field duties, the umpire is responsible for the legality of all of the players' equipment. A ball number will be placed at the same location. Under NFHS rules used in all states except Texas for high school games, announcing the player's number went from "not allowed" to "not required" in 2014. Uzomah may deliver a third ball. The field judge is responsible for keeping track of the play clock and calling a delay of game if the clock expires. since 1994. The teams coaches were also able to discuss the officiating crew with players. [37] In 2019, she became the first female official to officiate an NFL playoff game in an AFC divisional round between Los Angeles Chargers at New England Patriots. Michael Banks ( 2002 -present) Side Judge 2002-2014; Field Judge 2015-present. During the 1940s, the NFL officials wore color-striped shirts that represented their positions; black and white for referees, red and white for umpires, orange and white for head linemen, and green and white for field judges. One of the changes in the rules is that it has been made easier to penalize defenders who throw down a quarterback by hitting his helmet. American football officials generally use the following equipment: For ease of recognition, officials are usually clad in a black-and-white vertically striped shirt and black trousers with a thin white stripe down the side (this was formerly white knickers with black/white striped stirrup stockings or one-piece stockings). If wearing knickers, high school officials wear socks with a "Northwestern stripe" pattern, which college officials used to wear; NFL officials wore socks with two white stripes bordering one black stripe. If there is a disagreement between officials, the referee will step in and make the decision. CFL referees, unlike their counterparts in the NFL and American college football, identify the team committing the foul when announcing penalty enforcement, instead of using "offense" or defense".[10]. [38] She worked NFC divisional games in 2020 and 2021,[37] and was the down judge for Super Bowl LV. National Federation of State High School Associations, Kansas Jayhawk Community College Conference, List of American Football League officials, List of National Football League officials, "Jerry Markbreit's answers: The former NFL referee answers readers' questions each week throughout the season", "AN NFL UMPIRE'S . They do so according to the Laws of the Game and the spirit of the game. The stripes were introduced in the 1920s. [13][36] In 2017, she was an alternate in an NFL wild card game. On punts and field goal attempts, the line judge also determines whether the kick is made from behind the line of scrimmage. For the 2016, 2017, and 2019 NFL preseasons, for 16, 5, and 2 games respectively, the NFL experimented with the middle judge (MJ). A side judge also plays an integral role during field goal attempts, judging whether a kicker made a successful field goal. However, in Canada, the Canadian Football Hall of Fame has inducted a few game officials as members of their Hall of Fame. In the recent Super Bowl, five of the eleven Patriots footballs were found to be less than the legally required minimum pressure. In addition to random testing and inspections, game balls are still inflated to a range between 12.5 and 13.5 PSI. Jeff Bergman ( 1991 -present) Line Judge 1991-2015; Head Linesman 2016-2017; Line Judge 2018-present. In addition to their regular work, NFL referees also take part in functions, attend training courses, and attend functions to keep their skills up. The referee explains penalties to the offending team's captain and coach and says which player is responsible for the penalty. Deciding if any risk factors mean the game needs to be halted or completely stopped, such as severe weather. It is most common for high school football games to have five officials, although this number can change depending on the league and state that games are played in. Once the score is over, a team has four consecutive downs to advance to the next down. To understand a bit more about the four officials that make up the referee team in a soccer match, we will be going over their roles and responsibilities in this section of the article: 1. If a player not carrying the ball steps out of bounds (a wide receiver running a deep passing route or a player running downfield on punt coverage, for example), the official will drop his hat to mark the spot of where the player went out of bounds. In 2010, the UFL switched to a customized version of the traditional black and white stripes, and wore this uniform until its 2012 shutdown. How to Deal With Spectator Abuse: Advice for Referees, What Makes A Great Soccer Referee? In 2017, NFL switched from head linesman to down judge as to the gender-neutral term following Sarah Thomas moving from line judge to the position. Members of the officiating crew for American football games are known as game officials.It is extremely common for football fans to refer to every official onscreen as a referee, although this is technically not accurate because only one game official on the field is considered the referee. Players may not make illegal contact with the passer while the ball is in flight. The average salary for NFL referees was $205,000 in 2019, up $55,000 from the previous year. Here are the rules for roughing the passer, Position of side judges, and Average salaries of NFL referees. Together with the field judge, the back judge rules whether field goal attempts are successful. Here are some facts about the NFLs game balls. They instruct the chain crew and keep an eye on offside players and possible encroachment. However, after the injuries of the umpires, NFL officials moved back to their defensive side during play. The alternate judge stands in the offensive backfield opposite the head referee, in the same position as an NFL umpire, while keeping the Big 12 umpire in his traditional position behind the defensive line. During each play from scrimmage, the referee is positioned behind the offensive team, favoring the right side (if the quarterback is a right-handed passer).

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