- Most studies on the relationship among hormones, neurotransmitters, and paraphilias have provided evidence of a link by administering medications designed to change the balance of these chemicals in men with uncontrollable paraphilic urges (to some success). Usually heterosexual and do not desire to change sex. Adam, because he is engaging in behavior that causes personal distress to another individual, and the behavior is nonconsensual. Which is a variation of aversion therapy in which paraphilic fantasies are paired with an aversive stimulus in a client's imagination? b. -sex is a biological drive + eliminating deviant sexual urges/behavior will be ineffective unless the person finds a more appropriate sexual outlet, teaches the person basic social conversation skills (ex. However, not all exhibitionistic behavior is unhealthy: Exhibitionism and other fetishes between consenting adult partners aren't considered dysfunctional. Exhibitionistic disorder is classified as a paraphilic disorder, which means it's a highly dysfunctional sexual interest with the potential to cause harm to oneself or others. If a boy repeatedly observes exhibitionistic behaviour, he might be led to eroticize the act of exposing himself. -perpetrators used coercion to commit the offenses + also knew their victim, Biological Theories for the Cause of Paraphilic Disorders, -some theories involve the role of endocrine abnormalities, but data have failed to document differences between people with paraphilic disorders Paraphilic Disorders. - Part of the attraction and excitement is the terror experienced by the victim Bradley uses neckties to build an elaborate contraption. As he continued this practice through the early years of puberty he began to eroticize his mother's shoes which were in the closet. This is an example of. the judgments made for human behaviors by the society in which they occur. \text{Land} & 80,000 && 80,000\\ \text{Buildings \& Equipment} & 500,000 && 150,000\\ -activities can lead to injury or death, BUT couples also sometimes have a mutual agreement to partake in these behaviors, -involved infliction of pain or humiliation, but the physical or psychological influence is inflicted on another person Examples include borderline, antisocial and narcissistic personality disorders. - is victimless D) Research indicates that most sado-masochists have diverse forms of mental illness. B) They are typically psychologically introverted. D) Women who make obscene phone calls are more likely to be motivated by rage than by sexual arousal. sexual activities involving an unsuspecting, nonconsenting, or unwilling person as the target of the atypical, compulsive behavior The . Almost exclusively seen in males on crowded places. What theoretical approach do researchers believe presents the most accurate explanation for paraphilias? Consequently, treatment options vary and must take into account the specific needs of each individual case. -is also attracted to older women Over time, Jonathan developed a shoe fetish. B) Unless the offender is motivated to change, treatment is unlikely to be successful. A) Transvestite men are often otherwise stereotypically masculine. - people who do this known as transvestites, one of the largest myths about transvestites. Make First State Banks adjusting entry to accrue monthly interest revenue at October 31, at November 30, and at December 31. Give your reasoning. - men who become involved in this paraphilic disorder are most active between the ages of fifteen and twenty-five and tend to decrease and stop the behavior altogether as they age -application of classical conditioning theory - Mutual consent is what distinguishes BDSM from abuse and assault, just as consent distinguishes sex from rape. The following transactions occurred in June and July 2014: a. 2) Enhancing appropriate sexual interest and arousal Ellen and David like to engage in ________________________. 2) advise individual to seek professional help Which of these statements reflect achievement of discharge criteria for a patient receiving in- hospital treatment for a paraphilic disorder? Use implicit differentiation to find the second derivative d2ydx2\frac{d^2 y}{d x^2}dx2d2y. Gary is a 30-year-old man who spends almost all of his time thinking and planning his next sexual encounter. - Sexual arousal and orgasm are very powerful reinforcements for whatever behavior becomes associated with them. 3) Increasing victim empathy This type of behaviour is called. C. Family, peer, and cultural influences all play a part in the development of these disorders. Common in general public (not extreme pain). Pizza Corporation acquired 80 percent ownership of Slice Products Company on January 1, 20X1, for $160,000. -these disorders are sometimes associated with criminal activities. A) Most people with paraphilias are distressed by their behaviour and seek help. The rationale was that if male hormones are responsible for sex drive, less of it should decrease sex drive and paraphilic behavior along with it. B) Many people with paraphilias seek treatment only after they come into conflict with the law. Bradley's activity is typical of, rub against or touch a non-consenting person. B) S&M is a variation of B&D. -offends repeatedly with the same victim Prepare the journal entries necessary to record each of these transactions. \text{Retained Earnings} && 314,000 && 90,000\\ - falls under sexual assault laws - many have alcohol problems They work by blocking testosterone uptake in order to reduce sexual response, frequency, and intensity. Anti-Androgens are the most commonly used pharmaceutical treatment for paraphilias with Provera being the . Issue 12. What theory might be applied to the development of this paraphilia? 1628 was written to replenish the fund. 2. the behavior is illegal -stable/employed, average IQ, "immature," prefers company of children rather than adults, Paraphilic Dysfunctions Based on Anomalous Activity Preferences, -some behaviors in this category may elicit temporary startle reactions or annoyance from the victims - victimless Which of the following is true regarding treatment of paraphilias? Though he has not crossed the line to forceful demands or harassment, he knows that after 10 years of these obsessions, something is wrong with him. A) The prevalence of paraphilias is unknown. - The client is told to masturbate using objects, fantasies, or images related to his paraphilia, but as orgasm approaches, he is instructed to switch completely to objects, fantasies, and images of more mainstream, socially acceptable sexual behaviors. The method used by professionals to treat a paraphilic disorder depends on the type of disorder, the characteristics of the client, and _____________. -Chemical Castration -as long as person continues to take meds (but there are sig. D) Among exhibitionists, the urge to "flash" usually begins in early adolescence, Enrico dresses up in a frilly gown and wears a long blonde wig at the annual motorcycle show to raise money for the local children's hospital. - relationship distress (generally mome form stable, long term relationships, very motivated to change) 2) Repressed feelings of guilt or shame, Cognitive-Behavioral causes for paraphilia (1), learned behavior, association, reinforcement, punishment, observational learning, Effects of the group/society on individual/group behavior, What should you assess with sexual disorders (3), 1) Potential for self harm More common in men. Some have willing partners, other will stalk and attack non-consenting victims. C) For some sado-masochists, arousal is derived from the ritual of control rather than the infliction of physical pain. Almost exclusively males exposing to females. -neuroanatomical + neurochemical studies HAVEN'T detected brain abnormalities There was $10,000 of inter-corporate receivables and payables at the end of 20X5. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like the treatment of paraphilic disorders is different from the treatment of sexual dysfunctions in several ways, for several decades, the most commonly used form of treatment for paraphilic disorders was, therapists repeatedly presents the stimulus that elicits inappropriate sexual arousal in association with an aversive stimulus . -their behaviors, occupations, + hobbies are those typical of other heterosexual males A) Exhibitionists are often thought to be sexually repressed. -***BUT, this is not supported, Behavioral Conditioning Theories for the Cause of Paraphilic Disorders, -ex. - The relative prevalence of paraphilias among men as compared to women may be understood better from a larger cultural perspective. Which factor tends to separate a paraphilia from a normal variant in sexual behavior? C) Paraphilic sex offenders typically claim that they are able, if necessary, to control their paraphilic behaviour. \text{Inventory} & 260,000 && 90,000\\ The treatment in which unwanted sexual behaviors and images are reduced by associating them with unpleasant stimuli, such as electric shocks or noxious odors, is called __________ therapy. . Benford Corporation completed the following transactions during December of the current year and January of the next year. 5) Cognitive-Behavioral treatment, -involves exposing the person to the arousing stimuli + continuing that exposure for an extended period until the stimuli no longer produce positive, erotic feelings Table 1. b. Neuroticism. -few data supports the role of genetics, Psychosocial Theories for the Cause of Paraphilic Disorders, -commonly held belief is that people who abuse children were abused as a child themselves -mean age of victim is 10 years old sexual activity with a prepubescent child (generally < 10 y.o. Most societal attitudes consider overt sexuality in men not only normal but also desirable, something to be encouraged and rewarded. - focus primarily on imbalances in two biochemical systems: hormones and neurotransmitters Often, these overpowering urges occur in response to feelings of anxiety, depression, or other stressful events Fleeting, goes unnoticed, difficulty forming relationships, fear of rejection, A practice related to frotteurism characterized by persistent urge to fondle non-consenting strangers, sexual activity with a prepubescent child (generally < 10 y.o.). -most often the perpetrator is male Calculate the dollar price of a latte in each city. 2) Pharmacological Interventions, When the testes are removed (but this is no longer used), Examples of Pharmacological Interventions, -since the paraphilic disorders are compulsive in nature, these had some promise due to their efficacy in treating OCD -because of this, the only info. Sociology; Chapter 9 - Sexual Dysfunctions, Paraphilic Disorders, and Gender Dysphoria. 3) Brain differences, Psychoanalytical causes for paraphilia (2), 1) Defenses against unresolved anxiety Nic is being treated for his paraphilia by first imagining the paraphilic object to become sexually aroused. Because of such concerns, Charles Moser has proposed that the concept of ________ should be used in place of paraphilia. -intense + persistent sexual interests other than sexual interest in genital stimulation or prepatory fondling with phenotypically normal, physically mature, consenting human partners, -paraphilias that cause distress or impairment to the person or when the satisfaction of a paraphilia has caused harm or risk of harm to another person. Round percentage calculations to the nearest 0. Next, just before orgasm, he is instructed to switch from the paraphilic imagery to culturally appropriate imagery. What is the goal of cognitive behavioural therapy? Paraphilic Disorders. Leuprorelin administration could change insulin resistance and accelerate bone loss. The difference between a cross-dresser and a transvestic disorder is ________________. -men with transvestic disorder are actually happy with their biological sex + gender identity C) S&M becomes pathological when it is non-consenting and harmful. The prevalence of paraphilias and paraphilic disorders is difficult to determine, as many people with paraphilic disorders do not seek treatment, because of social stigma surrounding their practices, because of legal ramifications, or because the pleasure of their activities outweighs any negative effects. Exhibitionistic disorder is a condition marked by the urge, fantasy, or act of exposing one's genitals to non-consenting people, particularly strangers. -prevalence estimates are confusing + conflicting Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like paraphilias, Psychopathia Sexualis (1886) (Richard von Krafft-Ebing), pathological and more. Many explanations have been given for the 62% reduction of child sexual abuse over the past 20 years. Fetishism is a form of paraphilia, but most people who have fetishism do not . fetish related. Women more motivated by rage. C) Mika, who enjoys going to strip clubs several times a month either alone or with her male friends. This activity outlines the evaluation and management of paraphilia and paraphilic disorders. -treatment is based on classical + operant conditioning, Examples of ways to decrease or eliminate inappropriate sexual arousal (1st step of learning theory), 1) Satiation d. Acts of paraphilia are common because persons with the disorders commit the acts repeatedly, but paraphilic disorders are uncommon. The biological treatment of paraphilic disorders, then, is of paramount importance for psychiatry and society at large. The ____________ theory of paraphilias is based on the work of Sigmund Freud, while the ____________ theory of paraphilias relies on the various components of classical and operant conditioning. William needs anal stimulation through enemas to achieve sexual arousal and gratification. Trouble forming relationships with women. C) The frequency of exhibitionism increases after age 40. \text{Sales} && 200,000 && 100,000\\ D) Tom, who masturbates while scanning the condominium across the street with binoculars so he can watch people having sex. These disorders can be hard to diagnose because the symptoms vary so much from person to person. Again, this is almost always false. Achievement of sexual satisfaction by being humiliated, beaten, bound, made to suffer. controlling these expenditures? a. A) It is the submissive partner who uses a safe word when his or her limit has been exceeded. Which of the following individuals would fit the definition of a voyeur? Laziza Restaurant borrowed $80,000 on October 1 by signing a note payable to First State Bank. \end{array} \text{Accounts Payable} && 60,000 && 20,000\\ People engaging in chat scatologia are sexually aroused by, sending obscene emails and instant message. Other mental disorders. William's paraphilia is called, If urine becomes eroticized during childhood, a person might develop a paraphilia called. As a result, he was fired from his job and rejected by his family, who thought he had gone crazy. Flashcards. Which is not true about social skills training? -they do not seek out pain/humiliation in other types of activities There are several such disorders, with paraphilic referring to sexual interests, preferences, fantasies , urges, and behaviors outside the norm. Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy. -but ultimately, the efficacy was not established, -the goal is to reduce sexual drive Paraphilias are persistent and recurrent sexual interests, urges, fantasies, or behaviors of marked intensity involving objects, activities, or even situations that are atypical in nature. What is the primary focus of paraphilic disorders? Examples are sexual sadism disorder, voyeuristic disorder and pedophilic disorder. -people discontinue treatment once legal oversight is over Bondage and Discipline. . a . -to be considered a disorder, must cause significant distress or person must perform voyeuristic acts What type of paraphilia does he have? Match. Paraphilic disorders are sexual mental health conditions that have to do with extreme or unusual sexual fantasies, urges, and behaviors. 2) Covert Sensitization In the Kinsey studies, how prevalent was zoophilia? - sexual activities that combine sadism and masochism The loan agreement requires Laziza to pay interest on January 2 for October, November, and December. The result? DSM-IV-TR moved transvestism from a disorder of gender identity to a paraphilia called transvestic fetishism. 4) Cognitive-Behavioral group therapy In some men, the intensity of their sex drive and the urge to act on their paraphilic impulses can be lowered through the use of, John David Jackson, Patricia Meglich, Robert Mathis, Sean Valentine, Operations Management: Sustainability and Supply Chain Management, Service Management: Operations, Strategy, and Information Technology, Elliot Aronson, Robin M. Akert, Samuel R. Sommers, Timothy D. Wilson. Trial balance data for the two companies on December 31, 20X5, are as follows: PizzaSliceCorporationProductsCompany\begin{array}{l} 1577 was drawn to replenish the fund. - distress due to sexual dysfunction (must treat paraphilia itself to return normal fucntioning), thee current goals of treating paraphilic disorders, (1) to control paraphiliac fantasies and behaviors in order to decrease the risk of recidivism; (2) to control sexual urges; (3) to decrease the level of distress of the paraphilic individual, a therapeutic approach designed to gradually eliminate specific thoughts and associated behaviors that may be contributing to sexual problems - The one possible exception to this rule is sexual masochism (sexual gratification from receiving pain), which is found in women more often than other paraphilias but is still more common in men that transvestites are gay men. Often receive support from sexual partner. \text{Dividends Declared} & 30,000 && 10,000\\ \text { Long-term note payable } & 101,000 & \text { Preferred stock, } 5 \%, \$ 13 \text { par, } \\ A) They typically do not attempt to have sex with the people they watch. The interest expense for each month is$433. \text { Common equity, } \operatorname{Dec} 31,2011 \ldots \ldots &307,000 \\ - most are heterosexual Totalassets,Dec31,2011Commonequity,Dec31,2011Netincome,2012Interestexpense,2012$501,000307,00047,0003,000. B) Obscene phone callers usually target a woman they have seen but not met. ANS: D Paraphilic disorders are uncommon; however, because persons with these disorders repeatedly C) They are usually also exhibitionists. More common in males. rubbing against or touching a non-consenting person (only considered paraphilia if repeated as preferred sexual behavior). Which of the following statements about obscene phone callers is false? It is characterized by recurrent, intense sexually arousing fantasies, urges, or behaviors that involve non-traditional sexual practices. - takes many forms, including dominating, restraining, tying up, blindfolding, beating, cutting, whipping, strangling, mutilating, and even killing another person, usually during sexual activities \text { Prepaid expenses } & 13,000 & \text { Dividends payable }&4,000 \\ Paraphilic disorder exists when recurrent, intense sexually arousing fantasies, sexual urges, or behaviors currently cause distress or impairment to the individual or whose satisfaction has entailed personal harm, or risk of harm, to others generally involving: non-human objects, the suffering or humiliation of oneself or one's partner . B) A sexual masochist is also likely to enjoy other forms of pain not associated with sex. The level of severity, distress, and impairment (up to and including criminal behavior) resulting from these disorders also are highly variable. exhibitionist disorder is only considered a paraphilic disorder when cultural norms require that you wear clothes to cover your genitals Leuprorelin has been used as one of the therapeutic methods for paraphilia. They also cause people with these conditions to experience significant personal distress and limited functioning. ). Many sexual-interest disorders are included in this group. - self-distress (people who are embarrassed and cannot control behavior - higher rate of success) Compute New Jersey Opticals rate of return on total assets and rate of return on common stockholders equity for the year ended December 31, 2012. The most successful treatments appear to be found among individuals who are treated early in their history of paraphilic behaviors and who are the most self-motivated to stop the deviant behavior and involve themselves in normal adult sexual relationships. it can be harmless and victimless such as cross-dressing and strongly influenced by culture, intentional display of genitals to unsuspecting strangers. These disorders include sexual interest that causes personal distress or impairment or causes potential or actual harm to another person. -Exhibitionistic Disorder According to your text, one of these men is exhibiting a psychological paraphilic disorder, as described in the DSM-5. A recent study used electroencephalography (EEG) to investigate electrical responses in the brain among paraphilics and control subjects. -a # of sessions must be conducted until even any initial sexual arousal is eliminated, -similar procedure in which the individual is asked to imagine doing the deviant act but also visualize the negative consequences that result from it \text{Cash \& Receivables} & \$\hspace{13pt}81,000 && \$\hspace{6pt}65,000\\ \text{Cost of Goods Sold} & 120,000 && 50,000\\ -in some cases, sadistic acts may be nonconsensual

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