The sources Im using include The Air Force Historical Research Agency (AFRA); Photo collections from Wurtsmith Museum; Photo collections from Selfridge Museum, Selfridge AFB Historical files; and Aircraft Accident Reports. Representatives Dan Kildee (MI-05) and Elissa Slotkin (MI-08) today urged the U.S. Air Force to take more significant steps to address PFAS contamination around the former Wurtsmith Air Force Base near Oscoda. The Allison V-1710-85 liquid-cooled V-12 engine behind the pilots seat drove the propeller by means of a driveshaft mounted under the pilots seat. Wurtsmith Air Force Base is a decommissioned United States Air Force base in Iosco County, Michigan.It operated from 1923 until decommissioned in 1993. [THE FLINT JOURNAL VIA AP] [1] This meant that they could be flying a mission supporting a fighter squadron in Iraq, then be redirected to refuel a bomber squadron over Saudi Arabia, then fly back to Spain to land. [1] Mr. Norton, arrived fresh from navigation school as a 2nd Lieutenant at Wurtsmith Air Force, Base in the fall of 1985. Had some issue at Loring Maine where I was stationed from 86-88 and nothing.VA is cricket s on this Richard Stanfill, 12/5/21I was stationed there from 1982 to October of 1985 and lost my left kidney to 3rd stage clear cell carcinoma I never smoked or did drugs. Kelly mentioned she'd been thinking about getting . There is no amount of PFOA that is officially recognized as harmful. However, many studies have shown otherwise. Aug 24, 2021. Wurtsmith Air Force base was one of five, northern tier bases in the Strategic Air Commands arsenal. They raised $600 to clear the land, which at the time was plenty for this job. USVCP Staff Writers . [1] Mr. Norton also landed. Welcome to The WAFB Historical Site dedicated to preserving the history and heritage of Wurtsmith Air Force Base and the units assigned there. My husband and our two children lived there from 1985-1993 I have a nerve problem my daughter has autoimmune (MS) youngest daughter has kidney problems. With this long list of negative effects it is clearly a big health issue for local residents. The M&FRC is located at 1550 Wurtsmith St . Nothing contained herein should be used as a substitute for the advice of a competent Veteran Service Officer (VSO)in good standing and licensed to practice in your jurisdiction. [1] At some point over the week an alarm would sound,signaling to the flight crew that the B-52s had to be in the air. ircraft operated from Oscoda Army Airfield. The 1st Combat Evaluation Group (initially "1CEG", later "1CEVG") was a Strategic Air Command (SAC) unit. All four of the the guys that were in that flight were from Tuskegee, Losinksi said. They also were known as the Red Tails because they painted the tails of their aircraft red. There is an ongoing project to decontaminate the area. By comparing the concentrations of known fluorosurfactants with the total organofluorine, less than 10% of the fluorosurfactants were identified in half of the samples. Beginning in July 1944, the P-47 Thunderbolt was used extensively to train Free French Air Force pilots at Oscoda Army Air Field (AAF). An unusual feature of the P-39 Airacobra was the automobile-type doors that had roll-down windows on each side of the cockpit. I was shocked when we drove to a wooded area not far from bomber alert pad and WSA up the road of the k9 area where a bull dozed had dug a large trench and we were ordered to dump the shit. [5] The B-52s did not get to travel nearly as much as the KC-135s. Wurtsmith Air Force Base is a decommissioned United States Air Force base in Iosco County, Michigan.It operated from 1923 until decommissioned in 1993. Lt. Ennis Whitehead was part of a unit at Selfridge Army Air Field. A short time later in July 1944 it was being used to train Free French Air Force pilots, which eventually led to more and more training and more and more storage of aircraft like the B-52G (oscairport.com). As an officer Mr. Norton had to sit in on Court-Martials. Wurtsmith AFB has a better paper trail showing irrefutable evidence of contamination of the base drinking water with Trichloroethelene (TCE) first discovered in 1977 as a result of a complaint from a base housing resident. Within a few days, a mere 28 Airmen established housing for over 400 personnel, replete with . The 379th Bomb Wing moved to Wurtsmith Air Force Base in June of19661. After a devastating fire in Oscoda which cleared over 600 buildings, the remaining citizens heard about the proposal to clear an area for the base. The single enlisted airmen who lived on base were housed in barracks. Like the former Pease Air Force Base in Portsmouth and Newington, the former Michigan base is now a Base Realignment and Closure (BRAC) site. It was renamed Camp Skeel in 1924, for the World War I Pilot Captain Burt E. Skeel, and was used as an aerial gunnery range and for winter maneuvers 1924 through 1944 by the 1st Pursuit . Two years after release I started to experience very visible loss of musculature and strength. Following cleanup, operation and maintenance activities are ongoing. The P-47 Thunderbolt fighter and fighter-bomber was used by the Allied air forces during World War II. Wurtsmith Air Force Base is a decommissioned United States Air Force base that was closed by the 1991 Base Realignment and Closure Commission (BRAC 2) and is a proposed EPA Superfund site. . Photos of P-47s flown by French Pilots at Oscoda. This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. [2] The flight crashed at 2:20PM while returning from K. I. Sawyer Air Force Base in the Upper Peninsula. A sand and gravel aquifer of glacial origin underlies Wurtsmith Air Force Base in northeastern lower Michigan. ROME, N.Y. -- There was nothing small-scale about Griffiss Air Force Base in the 1990s. At this time Wurtsmith Air Force Base was still part of the, Strategic Air Commands bomber fleet. This, flight crew would spend one week in the bunker and be confined to an undisclosed. How is it that these large and respected scientific organizations can continue to be ignored in the face of statistically overwhelming data and human impacts. Thanks for sending to you and Pat. One of the unfortunate risks in flying is a crash. Senators Gary Peters (MI) and Debbie Stabenow (MI) and U.S. It had a commissary, a gas station, a hospital, housing, a bowling alley," said veteran Michael Grogan. This resulted in KC-135 squadrons spending a greater amount of time on temporary duty assignments than other squadrons from Wurtsmith Air Force Base. The 379th was reassigned to Wurtsmith Air Force Base, Michigan without personnel or equipment in January 1961, assuming the aircraft, personnel and equipment of the discontinued 4026th Strategic Wing. In 1979, the state of Michigan sued the Air Force for the contamination. PFOA exposure is also shown to be associated with increased risk of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children between ages 12-15. At Oscoda Army Air Field, from the Group Historian: Over the sandy pine shores of Lake Huron, pilots of the 332nd Fighter Group polished up their flight and gunnery tactics for threat inevitable test of their skill and courage which will eventually lead them to pursuit and battle in the skies of Europe and Asia. By the end of November 1943 all training for the 332nd had been completed at Oscoda and the Group departed for overseas. Ruben C. Moffat flew a P-6 converted with a supercharged Conqueror engine on a record-breaking flight. A total of 15,683 Thunderbolts were produced by wars end, more than any other U.S. fighter. to the proper paperwork being completed to allow the missions to continue. These Air Force bases were remote. [5] The 379th flew with a Triangle K tail flash to continue the, tradition from their World War II counterparts. Today the Wurtsmith district is integral to the community's economic potential. [1], While these crews were on ready alert they did not have a whole, lot to do. The Losinskis havent abandoned their quest to bring this long-forgotten chapter in the history of World War II to light. In a nutshell, this is what were trying to do get permission to relocate the parts so they would resemble a plane, David Losinski said. This is a very big issue for the people of Oscoda and the surrounding areas for obvious reasons. WAFB began operations in 1923, under the name of Camp Skeel, and was officially named the Wurtsmith Air Force Base in 1953. Wurtsmith AFB Water Health Issues via water, Organochlorine Pesticides Levels at George AFB Family Housing. [1], While Wurtsmith Air Force Base was its own little town, it was segregated by officers and enlisted. This air field was in dire need of a gunnery range because they being forced out of their gunnery range on Lake St. Clair. From humble beginnings in the 1920's as a aircraft gunnery range, to its status as a vital member of our strategic defense, Wurtsmith Air Force Base has distinguished itself as an important part of our country's military history. We thought that was kind of unbelievable.. The single officers who lived on base lived in a dorm type building. The base became a permanent installation on January 1, 1951, when the U. S. Air Force designated it as a fighter training base for the Air Defense command. Veteran Compensation Programs (USVCP) (www.veteranprograms.com), and any of their associated websites is for general informational. I still stay in touch with Gary but do not know if he has an e-mail account. What's next? Wurtsmith Air Force Base, Mich., served primarily as a combat crew and bomber training base throughout its 70-year history. Im slowly working my way up from 1924 to the present. My daughter was born at the base hospital. Robert Krouse, 12/31/19Stationed at Wurtsmith AFB from 1978 to 1980 and lived in barracks. GitHub export from English Wikipedia. The P-47D, in general service by the spring of 1944, had a maximum speed of 440 miles (700 km) per hour and a ceiling of 40,000 feet (12,200 meters). [5] In recent years groundwater contamination has be linked to jet fuel, cleaning agents, and fire suppression agents used at Wurtsmith Air Force Base. [5] The 379th Bomb Wing immediately continued the 4026thStrategic Wing operations and training. For example a KC-135 could take off from Wurtsmith Air Force Base, fly across the Pacific Ocean, land in Spain, have the flight crew be relieved by a fresh crew, fly into theater, complete the mission and return to Spain, where the original crew would be rested and ready to fly the KC-135 back to Wurtsmith Air Force Base. Testing by the Air Force has found high levels of the toxic chemical PFOS in the foam near a plume coming from the former nuclear bomber base. I remember getting a letter of counseling when I wanted to object as a warning what could happen. The views and opinions expressed in this website/articles are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of any agency of the U.S. government, We are the men and women of the U.S. Military, Wurtsmith AFB is a Superfund Site. This remoteness of Wurtsmith Air Force Base, as well as common brotherhood of being in the United States Air Force resulted in a tight knit community formed by the airmen and their families. [5] Assuming the equipment, personnel and aircraft of the 4026th Strategic, wing as it was disbanded. We make no endorsements or recommendations of any VSO, attorney, law firm, claims specialists or organization working with veterans on their service-connected claim(s). "The Department of Defense is evaluating [cleanup standards], and we take our lead from what the Department of Defense says," said Stephen TerMaath, who leads the Air Force division in charge of Wurtsmith cleanup. When the Gulf War started in 1990, the 379, Bomber Wing sent B-52s as well as their accompanying KC-135s into the Middle East. Heavily armed with eight wing-mounted 0.50-inch (12.7-mm) machine guns, it could carry a bomb load of as much as 2,500 pounds (1,100 kg) and could carry ten 5-inch (127-mm) rockets beneath the wings. This weapon system used some hazardous and a lot of special chemicals to support it. At just after 10 pm on the 30 th October, on-duty personnel at Wurtsmith Air Force Base would report seeing a strange object hovering over the . Posts and surveys made on this website are opinions or suggestions of users of this website and are not representations, opinions or suggestions of U.S. These planes arrived at dawn on the first day of the Gulf War. [5] The B-52s did not get to travel nearly as much as the KC-135s. [6] The 379th Bomb Wing was, Dave Norton resigned his commotion as a United States Air Force, , 1993 exactly 9 years after receiving his commission, Lt. form the United States Air Force Academy. My family lived on this base in 1983 to 1987, are we at risk? Drinking Water At Wurtsmith AFB Contaminted. After all of that great history, the Wurtsmith Air Force Base is still standing as a place that is visited by a plethora of people. Six Are Killed in Crash Of an Air Force Tanker. The New York Times, The New York Times, 11 Oct. 1988, www.nytimes.com/1988/10/12/us/six-are-killed-in-crash-of-an-air-force-tanker.html. This year, we went out diving, and we could see these points of interest from the surface, Losinski said. Poison Spring: The Secret History of Pollution and the EPA. It is one of the most famous bases located in our state. It is one of the most famous bases located in our state. In 1942, three 5000x150 concrete runways were built. At the start of 1985, Wurtsmith maintained an $80 million annual payroll with 3,600 military and civilian personnel. [1], Over the course of Mr. Nortons career as both a KC-135 Navigator, and a DC-10 Pilot, Mr. Norton served as a flight commander, served numerous, deployments during the Gulf War escorting fighter squadrons from the United, States into theater, supporting fighter squadrons and bomber squadrons in, theater, served multiple temporary duty assignments to England, Spain, Saudi, Arabia, Alaska, and other Air Force Bases around the globe. These bases wereresponsible for a housing a Ready Alert Nuclear Strike Force. The B-52 is being serviced under the Strategic Air Command Recovery Oriented Aircraft Maintenance (ROAM) system. They were stationed at the air base from 1986 to 1993. [4] In the later, years of World War II Wurtsmith Air Force Base was used as a fighter-interceptor training base and housed the 332d fighter group, which was part of the famous Tuskegee Airmen. [1], The northern tier Strategic Air Command Ready Alert Strike Force bases were considered less than desirable duty stations for one main reason. We didnt know really what we had.. The airplane operated on a flight from Oscoda Wurtsmith Airport, MI to Oscoda-Wurtsmith AFB, MI (OSC). Call 205.328.9200 Claim Application. A map of the base locations listed above can be viewed below. Since 1994, the Wurtsmith Air Museum has upheld the mission of preserving the history of the history of Wurtsmith Air Force Base (an integral part of the US Air Force from 1923 until 1993) and aviation in Northeast Michigan. The study doesn't estimate past concentrations or exposure dosage and was released with . The runways were aligned NE/SW, E/W, and NW/SE. These high levels of PFOA elevate the risks of kidney cancer, mesothelioma, and diabetes. This unfortunately happened on October 11th, 1988 when KC-135 crashed with 6 crew members and 10 passengers on board. Stay tuned for further developments. Learn how your comment data is processed. The former base includes 4,626 acres (1,872 ha) located approximately two miles west of Lake Huron in the Charter Township of Oscoda, bordered by Van Ettan Lake, the Au . She has all kinds of problems, my ex died of cancer and I have all kinds of problems. This article is from 2018.. Because of the restriction of being close to the Christmas tree theyresorted to playing cards, working out, reading, and sleeping while they werenot conducting recurrent training to stay up to date and proficient on theirequipment. City officials in Dayton, Ohio, have also found the response from the Air Force to cleanup contamination at Wright Patterson Air Force Base to be inadequate. This cycle was from Wednesday to Wednesday. My first daughter was born there at their hospital.my ex husband now, is very sick. [1] This tight knit community was not confined to just the Air Force Base, but extended into the community as well. Mr. Norton experienced this first hand while being station at Wurtsmith Air Force Base when he had his Squadron Commander help him hang drywall in his house. There are many different ways that PFOA and PFOS can affect the human body. Someone who works in a place that uses these chemicals and is exposed to them can have up to 100 parts per million, or 0.01%, in their blood. [2] The flight crashed at 2:20PM while returning from K. I. Sawyer Air Force Base in the Upper Peninsula. [6], During the Gulf War B-52s from Wurtsmith Air Force Base were flownout of Prince Abdullah AB in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. With all of this in a single family, the V.A. He flew from Dayton, Ohio to Washington, D.C. at a speed of approximately 266 mph, at an altitude of 25,000 ft. [1] This was followed by one and a half weeks of normal day to day activitiesuntil the flight crew relieved crew on ready alert in the bunkers.[1]. 1946. Cindi developed hypertension and Lawrence diagnosed with lung disease. The Airacobra reached its peak usage in the USAAF in early 1944, with over 2100 in service. We came across the gauge cluster, which had the radio call tag, David Losinski said. Drinking Water At Wurtsmith AFB Contaminted. According to the Air Force's account, in October 1977, a Wurtsmith base housing resident complained about a peculiar odor and taste in the drinking water. At the time, it was considered a vital Air Defense Command base and was equipped and manned with interceptor aircraft capable of flying over the North Pole into the Soviet Union. I was stationed there 1978 -81 lived on base they never told us about the water being contaminated . While the vast majority of personnel on Wurtsmith AirForce Base were not part of a flight crew rotating through ready alert, theirrespective jobs all served to ensure those planes could take off at a momentsnotice. It was eerie, David Losinski said. They have been detected in air, water, soils, sediments, and in rain at levels that would be considered unsafe in drinking . DISCLAIMER: Information displayed on U.S. [1], When the Gulf War started in 1990, the 379th Bomber Wing sent B-52s as well as their accompanying KC-135s into the Middle East. Aircraft was at Camp Skeel, Oscoda Michigan for Aerial Gunnery training. [1] While this was a relatively boring week, it was extremely stressfulbecause no one knew when the alarm would sound, but more importantly no oneknew if it would be a drill or not. There is an ongoing project to decontaminate the area. I was born on base November 1978, and lived on base with my mom, brother born 1989 on base, and my dad, a civil engineer stationed on base until oct 1982. The Arrow Street purge system, installed in 1982 to remove contaminants from the Building 43 plume, has lowered concentrations o This is very dear to my heart and want to get involved however I can. These levels were published by the Enviromental Protection Agency (Mlive.com). Theyve seen lots of things underwater, but the story of the P-39 fighter lost just off the Port Huron beachfront touched them. This gave the Army operations the opportunity to begin creating the base we know today. The majority of married enlisted and officers preferred to live on base because of the free daycare for children. U.S. [5] While the 379thBomb Wing was stationed at Wurtsmith Air Force Base they were part of the ReadyAlert Nuclear Strike Force. The Air Force knew that due to the method used to apply the pesticide, the building design flaw, that a completed exposure pathway (CEP) existed at a large percentage of its tenantable/habitual . See: Organochlorine Pesticides Levels at George AFB Family Housing, CERCLA 120(h) Quitclaim Deed Restrictions for the George AFB Family Housing, Organochlorine Pesticide Contamination at George AFB Schools, Terri Crooks won her VA C&P Claim for service connected injury for her exposure to chlordane and other organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), Frank Vera www.BaseFamilyHousing.Info PO Box 1313 Jamestown, CA, 95327-1313 Phone: 209-782-4541, Copyright 2020 - BaseFamilyHousing.Info. The plane was equipped with the cannon and four .50-caliber machine guns two mounted on the wings, two more just behind the propeller and timed to fire through the spinning blades. Paul B. Wurtsmith Air Force Base closed in 1993, dealing a sharp blow to the economy of rural Iosco County. At one point, they had to use these toxic foam chemicals to put out a fire at the Oscoda High School in 1995. Dallas Naval base, Texas. He was stationed at the base. It has recently been discovered that that the base has been leaking chemicals into the surrounding waterways. I like combining historical photographs with the stories behind them. Everyone from the mechanics keeping the planes flyable, to the cooks, preparing food for the airmen stationed at Wurtsmith Air Force Base, to the, commanders who ensured that everything from the flight schedules being correct. China Lake Naval base, California. Everyone from the mechanics keeping the planes flyable, to the cookspreparing food for the airmen stationed at Wurtsmith Air Force Base, to thecommanders who ensured that everything from the flight schedules being correctto the proper paperwork being completed to allow the missions to continue. Im using a combination of several source materials to tell the history of the area. During World War II, P-47 fighters were assigned to Oscoda. [1] This includes on base housing, a daycare center for children, a doctors office, a fully equipped gym, and a store where basic necessities were available, military police, office space, and everything necessary to ensure the planes are fully functioning and ready to fly missions. These mission were into Iraq. USVCP Not A U.S. Government Publication. Before we move on to that, however, it is very much worth examining a very similar incident that occurred over Wurtsmith Air Force Base in Michigan on 30 th October. The P-6 could climb to 10,000 feet in 6.6 min. [1] Wurtsmith Air Force Base was 2nd Lt. Nortons firstpermanent duty station in the United States Air Force.[1]. [1] Wurtsmith Air Force Base was 2nd Lt. Nortons first, permanent duty station in the United States Air Force. [1] While this was a relatively boring week, it was extremely stressful, because no one knew when the alarm would sound, but more importantly no one, knew if it would be a drill or not. Chanute Air Force base, Illinois. [5], Dave Norton resigned his commotion as a United States Air ForceCaptain on May 30th, 1993 exactly 9 years after receiving his commissionas a 2nd Lt. form the United States Air Force Academy. Survived stage 3 oral cancer and per medical review, origin unknown since I have never smoked. The brown tint is (mostly) caused by scale build up in the pipes being knocked loose. This man later took the proposal to build a gunnery range to the people of Oscoda. What us the compensation for this? On January 18, 1994 it was listed as a Superfund due to extensive groundwater contamination with heavy metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, volatile organic compounds, including trichloroethylene, 1,1-dichloroethane, 1,1,1-trichloroethane . Mr. Norton remarked that they were flying the wings off of the planes. History. It is primarily a large jet airplane salvage, jet engine maintenance and light general aviation . Wurtsmith AirForce Base was constructed with a runway layout specifically for this. The base is influential in Michigan, as well as the United States military history. The Air Force knew about the contamination and spent millions since 1977 to try to cover up the problem by adding phosphates to mask the odor of the chemical in the water. [4] On August 1st 1958 the 4026th Strategic Wing was formed at Wurtsmith Air Force Base. Groundwater data collected in 1999 at Wurtsmith Air Force Base (Michigan), Tyndall Air Force Base (Florida) and Naval Air Station Fallon (Nevada), where PFC concentrations ranged from below detection limit to over 14,000 g/L, suggest that any military site where AFFFs have been used is likely to have a dissolved plume containing . In 1955 Wurtsmith Air Force Base became an official permanent post in the United States Air Force, which meant that many new services were implemented on base. Investigation determined a defective tire caused the accident. Home Buyers Guide; Find a Real Estate Agent; Price: $299,000. The landing gear was changed from rubber-block shock absorbers inside the fuselage to oleo-and-spring units mounted in the outer forward strut. Theseplanes would regularly fly missions from Wurtsmith Air Force Base during thecold war. Veteran Compensation Programs. Wurtsmith got its start in 1923 as Loud-Reames Aviation Field, a soft-surface landing site for Arm Air Corps aircraft from Selfridge Field. The site of Wurtsmith Air Force Base is located 2 miles Northwest of Oscoda, Michigan, about 150 miles North of Detroit. [5] However, the B-52H aircraft maintained nuclear alert at WurtsmithAir Force Base. During the Pacific conflicts personnel and the KC-135Stratotankers were deployed to forward bases in the Pacific to support landoperations. It was also possible for these missions to originate in the United States. More individuals impacted by these chemicals are Cindi and Lawrence Ashbeck. Just run the water until it clears up. purposes only, and is not legal advice. [1] Mr. Norton also landedthe first KC-135 in operation Southern Watch. The Au Sable River is an attraction for families all around Michigan. Bert E. Skeel was a WWI pilot who died in an air race in Ohio. Even after the base closed in 1993, the base maintained a fire staff for many years. [5] In recent years groundwater contamination has be linked to jet fuel, cleaning agents, and fire suppression agents used at Wurtsmith Air Force Base. [5] The 379th Bomb Wing immediately continued the 4026th, During the Pacific conflicts personnel and the KC-135, Stratotankers were deployed to forward bases in the Pacific to support land, operations. I have had sever kidney problems since 1983 that carried on into my mid teens. [5] One crew flew 29mission out of Jeddah, setting the record for most missions flew by a bombercrew in theater. My wife has breast cancer, and Hashimoto's Disease (auto immune), I had a double mastectomy to remove growths, hormone issues, kidney scaring liver lesions, lumps in both lungs, sleep APNEA, sudden onset Headaches, unexplained stress attacks, to name a few. Wurtsmith Today The former Wurtsmith Air Force Base (AFB) properties are being reutilized by 28 businesses and agencies that collectively employ more than 1,660 workers (representing 240 percent of civilian jobs lost). Tests in Michigan near the former Wurtsmith Air Force base have found PFOS in groundwater at levels as high as 42,000 ppt. On June 30th, 1993 the 379th Bomb Wing was disbanded and Wurtsmith Air Force Base was closed. The Wurtsmith Air Museum is an all-volunteer, 501(c)(3) non-profit organization, dedicated to preserving the history of Wurtsmith Air Force Base and aviation in Northeastern Michigan. All kind of special chemicals that Boeing told the USAF we had to have. Wurtsmith Air Force Base is a decommissioned United States Air Force base in northeastern Iosco County in the U.S. state of Michigan. According to the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality, the private well located across the road from Oscoda High School tested about the 70 parts-per-trillion advisory level that was established for perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctyl sulfonate (PFOS). This bunker compound housed, the flight crews on ready alert, the three B-52 bombers ready to take off at a, moments notice, and the accompanying KC-135s ready to top off the B-52s after takeoff. Wurtsmith Air Force base was one of fivenorthern tier bases in the Strategic Air Commands arsenal. Pieces include the engine, the tail, part of the door and the 37-millimeter cannon that fired through the propeller hub. There are many historical planes you can visit as well as other interesting pieces of history that the public may view. I am not a doctor or attorney, and cannot give medical advice or legal advice. One of these men were named Lt. Ennis Whitehead. Only after, the plains were airborne would the crew be notified if it was a drill or not.[1].

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